Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Media And Baseball :: essays research papers

Media influences everybody and everything; There is no way out. Media is all over the place and encompasses everything. Henry Jenkins and Marshall McLuhan have varying purposes of see with regards to what the importance of media is. The two of them, be that as it may, have their specific ponits which they portray well. Jenkin's discussions about the various sorts of societies that exist, concentrating on mainstream society, in his paper, "What Everybody Should Know About Popular Culture." Mcluhan discusses the ideas of Narcicism and the "Global Village." Both Jenkin's and McLuhan's thoughts can be concentrated on a specific thing, for example, Baseball. That can be further separated and broke down at the group level. The Los Angeles Dodgers have most as of late been the main focus because of the top media inclusion of the group. The group does, be that as it may, have an incredible history. They were initially known as the Brooklyn dodgers until they made a transition to Los Angeles in 1958. They at that point became the Los Angeles Dodgers and their proprietor became Walter O'Malley. He was the proprietor and president for the following twenty years. From that point onward, he passed the group down to his child Peter. This is an incredible case of Jenkin's meaning of People Culture. A significant thing was passed down from age to age of O'Malleys, eventhough the thing was very huge. Consistently, in any case, the Dodgers were a lot of a piece of mainstream society. Baseball was known as "America's Favorite Past-time," and still is. The convention that the O'Malley family had with the Dodgers gone on until 1998, when a major enterprise, the FOX gathering possessed by Rupert Murdoch, assumed control over the group. This was a period of chan! ge, yet some could contend was generally advantageous. Being claimed by the FOX bunch implies there is more media introduction for the group. Since the group is claimed by Rupert Murdoch, McLuhan's thoughts regarding media can be executed. McLuhan's idea of narcicism can unmistakably be seen with the change of the Dodgers from family-possessed to company possessed. The accessibility of huge assets to obtain key players causes the Dodgers to appear narcicistic. Individuals can believe that they love themselves so much, that they will successfully win. Most as of late, Kevin Brown, one of the alliance's top pitchers was marked to a 105 million dollar contract for a long time. This is the greatest agreement in baseball history. This and different aquisitions was assumed to lead the Dodgers to greatness this year. Tragically for Dodgers fans, this didn't occur. The group is 20 games out of the lead position with no way of making post season play. Everything that could possibly be done is think back and start pondering next season.

Banduras Bobo Doll Experiment on Social Learning

Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment on Social Learning Does the violence that children observe in television programs, movies, and video games lead them to behave aggressively? This is a hot question today, but it was also of great interest 50 years ago when a psychologist led an experiment known as the Bobo doll experiment to determine how kids learn aggression through observation. What Was the Bobo Doll Experiment? Are aggression and violence learned behaviors? In a famous and influential experiment known as the Bobo doll experiment, Albert Bandura and his colleagues demonstrated one way that children learn aggression. According to Banduras social learning theory, learning occurs through observations and interactions with other people. Essentially, people learn by watching others and then imitating these actions. Aggression lies at the root of many social ills ranging from interpersonal violence to war. It is little wonder then that the subject is one of the most studied topics within psychology. Social psychology is the subfield devoted to the study of human interaction and group behavior and the scientists working in this field have provided much of the research on human aggression. Albert Banduras Influence on the Field of Psychology Banduras Predictions The experiment involved exposing children to two different adult models; an aggressive model and a non-aggressive one. After witnessing the adults behavior, the children would then be placed in a room without the model and were observed to see if they would imitate the behaviors they had witnessed earlier. Bandura made several predictions about what would occur: He predicted that children who observed an adult acting aggressively would be likely to act aggressively even when the adult model was not present.The children who observed the non-aggressive adult model would be less aggressive than the children who observed the aggressive model; the non-aggressive exposure group would also be less aggressive than the control group.Children would be more likely to imitate models of the same-sex rather than models of the opposite sex.Boys would behave more aggressively than girls. Method Used in the Bobo Doll Experiment The participants for the experiment were 36 boys and 36 girls enrolled at the Stanford University Nursery School. The children ranged in age between 3 and almost 6 years, and the average participant age was 4 years 4 months. There were a total of eight experimental groups. Out of these participants, 24 were assigned to a control group that received no treatment. The rest of the children were then divided into two groups of 24 participants each. One of the experimental groups was then exposed to aggressive models, while the other 24 children were exposed to non-aggressive models. Finally, these groups were divided again into groups of boys and girls. Each of these groups was then divided so that half of the participants were exposed to a same-sex adult model and the other half were exposed to an opposite-sex adult model. Before conducting the experiment, Bandura also assessed the childrens existing levels of aggression. Groups were then matched equally so that they had average levels of aggression. Procedures Used in the Bobo Doll Experiment Each child was tested individually to ensure that behavior would not be influenced by other children. The child was first brought into a playroom where there were a number of different activities to explore. The experimenter then invited an adult model into the playroom and encouraged the model to sit at a table and join in the activities. Over a ten minute period, the adult models began to play with sets of tinker toys. In the non-aggressive condition, the adult model simply played with the toy and ignored the Bobo doll for the entire period. In the aggressive model condition, however, the adult models would violently attack the Bobo doll. The model laid the Bobo on its side, sat on it, and punched it repeatedly in the nose. The model then raised the Bobo doll, picked up the mallet, and struck the doll in the head. Following the mallet aggression, the model tossed the doll up in the air aggressively and kicked it about the room. This sequence of physically aggressive acts was repeated three times, interspersed with verbally aggressive responses. In addition to physical aggression, the adult models also used verbally aggressive phrases such as Kick him and Pow. The models also added two non-aggressive phrases: He sure is a tough fella and He keeps coming back for more. After the ten-minute exposure to the adult model, each child was then taken to another room that contained a number of appealing toys including a doll set, fire engine, and toy airplane. However, children were told that they were not allowed to play with any of these tempting toys. The purpose of this was to build up frustration levels among the young participants. Finally, each child was taken to the last experimental room. This room contained a number of aggressive toys including a mallet, a tether ball with a face painted on it, dart guns, and, of course, a Bobo doll. The room also included several non-aggressive toys including crayons, paper, dolls, plastic animals, and trucks. Each child was then allowed to play in this room for a period of 20 minutes while raters observed the childs behavior from behind a one-way mirror and judged each childs levels of aggression. Results of the Bobo Doll Experiment The results of the experiment supported three of the four original predictions. Children exposed to the violent model tended to imitate the exact behavior they had observed when the adult was no longer present.Bandura and his colleagues had also predicted that children in the non-aggressive group would behave less aggressively than those in the control group. The results indicated that while children of both genders in the non-aggressive group did exhibit less aggression than the control group, boys who had observed an opposite-sex model behave non-aggressively were more likely than those in the control group to engage in violence.There were important gender differences when it came to whether a same-sex or opposite-sex model was observed. Boys who observed adult males behaving violently were more influenced than those who had observed female models behaving aggressively. Interestingly, the experimenters found in same-sex aggressive groups, boys were more likely to imitate physical acts of violence while girls were more likely to imitate verbal aggression.The re searchers were also correct in their prediction that boys would behave more aggressively than girls. Boys engaged in more than twice as many acts of aggression than the girls. Observational Learning Is Used by Copying Behavior of Others What Banduras Results Suggest The results of the Bobo doll experiment supported Banduras social learning theory. Bandura and his colleagues believed that the experiment demonstrates how specific behaviors can be learned through observation and imitation. The authors also suggested that social imitation may hasten or short-cut the acquisition of new behaviors without the necessity of reinforcing successive approximations as suggested by Skinner. According to Bandura, the violent behavior of the adult models toward the dolls led children to believe that such actions were acceptable. He also suggested that as a result, children may be more inclined to respond to frustration with aggression in the future. In a follow-up study conducted in 1965, Bandura found that while children were more likely to imitate aggressive behavior if the adult model was rewarded for his or her actions, they were far less likely to imitate if they saw the adult model being punished or reprimanded for their hostile behavior. Criticisms of the Bobo Doll Experiment As with any experiment, the Bobo doll study is not without criticisms: Because the experiment took place in a lab setting, some critics suggest that results observed in this type of location may not be indicative of what takes place in the real world.The study might suffer from selection bias. All participants were drawn from a narrow pool of students who share the same racial and socioeconomic background. This makes it difficult to generalize the results to a larger, more diverse population.Since data was collected immediately, it is also difficult to know what the long-term impact might have been.Acting violently toward a doll is a lot different than displaying aggression or violence against another human being in a real world setting.It has also been suggested that children were not actually motivated to display aggression when they hit the Bobo doll; instead, they may have simply been trying to please the adults.Some critics argue that the study itself is unethical. By manipulating the children into behaving aggressively, they argue, the experimente rs were essentially teaching the children to be aggressive. A Word From Verywell Banduras experiment remains one of the most well-known studies in psychology. Today, social psychologists continue to study the impact of observed violence on childrens behavior. In the half-century since the Bobo doll experiment, there have been hundreds of studies on how observing violence impacts childrens behavior. Today, researchers continue to ponder the question of whether the violence children witness on television in the movies translates to aggressive or violent behavior in the real world.

Astonomy and Cosmology Unit Final Essay - 537 Words

Astronomy and Cosmology have always been an interesting subjects for me since I was little. The two units before this unit were somewhat new to me but weren’t filled with a colossal amount of information. When we arrived at this unit I thought it would be a review of what I had already knew about space, but really it was much more than just planets and stars. My knowledge and view of the universe has drastically changed after learning about various concepts like the Main Sequence, Cosmic Microwave Blackbody Radiation, and red or blue shifts. From this i’ve learned that what is happening here on Earth is nothing compared to what is happening to what is happening in the far reaches of space. There is so much going on in our universe and it†¦show more content†¦Concepts that were new to me included the Main Sequence for stars, the concept of black holes losing mass, redshifts, and the timeline of the Big Bang. I had a basic understanding of black holes and galaxie s but after I learned that there a 2 types of galaxies(spiral and elliptical) and how in the center of a black hole is a singularity where all of the laws of physics break down because everything is so extreme. When learning about the galaxies I found the pictures as well as the descriptions to be very beautiful. Whether it was a spiral galaxy that is colliding with another spiral galaxy or the orange tinted elliptical galaxies, I found it all to be complete eye candy. Even though the images are computer enhanced to make the picture glow, i still find it crazy that there is so much natural beauty that still hasn’t been discovered and can only be seen by telescopes that get a faint image. One question I still have is about the cosmological principle, if there is no center for expansion, but the big bang started at a single point, so doesn’t that mean that the universe has been expanding from that one point this entire time? In conclusion this unit on astronomy and cosmo logy helped me understand that there is so much more to the universe than I had initially thought. There is so much more that goes on and our knowledge will only increase as technology makes our ability to learn more about the depths of our

Essay about Physics of the Eyes - 1171 Words

Protections of the eye: The human eye is one of the most important things to a person and thus has many forms of protection. The eyelid protects the eye in three different ways: the eyelashes, the glands, and the movement of the eyelids. The eyelashes are beneficial in keeping dust and debris out of the eye. Touching the lashes will trigger the reflexive blinking mechanism. There are many different glands that are located in the eye. The Zeis gland is a gland that secretes oil. An infection in this gland results in a stye. A second gland, the Meibomian gland, are large oil secreting glands located in the lid of the eye and play a part in producing the oily outer layer of tears. This oily layer prevents the evaporation of tears.†¦show more content†¦* Descernets membrane This layer is simply secretory products from the endothedlium. * the endothedlium The innermost layer of the eye is a single layer of cells that are lined up against Descemets membrane. The quality and quantity of these cells decrease over time and cannot be replaced. When one cell dies, the rest of the cells enlarge to keep the same distance covered. The Iris and Pupil: The most commonly known parts of the eye are the iris and the pupil. The iris is made of connective tissue and muscle that contains a hole in the midst of them. The iris is the part of the eye that is colored, either brown, green, blue, hazel, etc. The color is a result of the amount of pigment that is found in the eye, brown eyes have a lot of pigment, and light eyes, such as blue, have little pigment. The pupil is the hole in the eye that allows light to reach the retina. The pupil widens in a darker room to allow more light in, and narrows when in the light to restrict the amount of light to reach the retina. The pupil is adjusted by the iris muscles. The Lens: The lens is located in front of the iris. It is an elastic body, it stretches and returns to its former place. It is biconvex, and almost transparent. Directly in front of the lens is the aqueous, and directly behind it, the vitreous. The lens is one of the items in a persons body that deteriates with age, like many other bodyShow MoreRelated Physics of the Human Eye Essay2076 Words   |  9 PagesPhysics of the human eye. The human eye, what a complex but fascinating organ. It has the ability to see past the horizon and observe the different colors of a rainbow. The eye can be quicker then a race car but slow enough to witness a snail crawling across a beach. The eye can capture objects at various different angles, such as birds flying overhead or a person walking right beside you. Yes indeed, the eye is probably the greatest sense a person can have. The eye is so vast and complex. ToRead MoreEssay on Physics in Everyday Life1684 Words   |  7 PagesPhysics in Everyday Life 1 Just about everything you do from moving to eating to listening to music involves physics. Now that I have really explored them I think it is hard to go about our day and not do something that involves physics. Some of the things I will talk about are getting out of bed, the eye and how eye glasses help a person see better, speakers, the Frisbee, sailing, and the pulleys I use to get my jeep unstuck in the mud when I ride in the woods. All of theseRead MoreReflection Essay902 Words   |  4 Pages My eyes are transfixed by the numbers, equations, and words on the page–a beautiful work of art– they emanate before me with a brilliant radiance. I am relentlessly compelled to turn the page. Whether I am studying the orbital motion of celestial objects, calculating the work required to move electric charges, analyzing the static equilibrium of a complex system, determining the motion of fluids using Archimedes’s and Bernoulli’s principles, or deriving a differential equation for the motion ofRead MorePhysics in Cameras713 Words   |  3 Pagesbutton. These little machines allow a real life image to be seen on paper and to be kept as a memento. The way that cameras are able to do this is through physics. Cameras are relatable to physics because they involve visible light, light refraction, light reflections, and electromagnetic fields in the motor. Cameras are involved with physics because they use visible light to capture a picture. Visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum contains differentRead MoreBiography of Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand Helmholtz1046 Words   |  4 PagesScience, and Mathematics, which led to an overwhelming interest in languages (including English and Italian), music, nature philosophy, art and physiology. A student of the gymnasium, Hermann von Helmholtz touched on subjects â€Å"ranging from theoretical physics, to the age of the Earth, to the origin of the solar system (cite wiki).† He showed great promise as a scholar and was bound to be a success. After graduating in 1837, Helmholtz was awarded a free medical education at the Royal Friedrich-WilhelmRead MoreTutorial: Optics and Cm772 Words   |  3 PagesPC1222 Fundamentals of Physics II Tutorial 8 1. Refraction of Light I. When a man stands near the edge of an empty drainage ditch of depth 2.80 m, he can barely see the boundary between the opposite wall and bottom of the ditch as shown. The distance from his eyes to the ground is 1.85 m. (a) What is the horizontal distance d from the man to the edge of the drainage ditch? (b) After the drainage ditch is ï ¬ lled with water as shown, what is the maximum distance x the man can stand from the edgeRead More colour physics Essay701 Words   |  3 Pages Colour Physics 712 words 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Colour physics, dispersion of sunlight into colours of the spectrum. (Sir Isaac Newton 1676) Discuss and illustrate Newton’s experiments and beyond, from particle to wave theory. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Research, identify and illustrate how the eye sees colour, reference to light emitted, transmitted and reflected. 1. Sir Isaac Newton, held the theory that light was made up of tiny particles. Around the same period, ChristiaanRead MoreAlbert Einstein Speech Essay998 Words   |  4 Pagescar. There were a collection of men most of them smoking cigars and talking and laughing and drinking. Joshua sat down at a table next to a table in which two men sat. One man had baggy clothes and was smoking a pipe. He had Brunette hair, brown eyes and about 33 years old. The other gentleman had brown hair a moustache, glasses and was wearing a suit. He was approximately 54. They were both speaking German, but Joshua was wearing his Universal Translator { * refer back to page 33.} JoshuaRead MoreThe Best Elementary Educator Of My Abilities854 Words   |  4 Pagesfunctionality of their own households. Both Mr. Danza and Mrs. Mimi were oblivious of the â€Å"shenanigans† they would confront while teaching in public schools, but they adapted and never abdicated nor abandoned their students even when they would cry their eyes out because they felt nothing noble was ensuing from them pouring their hearts out into their work. The upshot to all of this teaching is a gift endowed upon many, but only a selected few have the heart and passion toRead MoreMy Favorite Class1024 Words   |  5 Pages Education, in my eyes, is to learn and be inspired by the knowledge you obtain. School must be a fun place to be in order to grab the attention of the students, or else students would rather be on his or her phone or sleep. My physics teacher, during junior year of high school, is the definition of what school should be. He inspires everyone in the class towards the subject at hand. Due to the inspiration led to knowledge that most people wouldnt have if you run a clock in- clock out outlook

HIV in Singapore Free Essays

To extend the impact of our effort to curb the spread of HIV, we propose to continue and improve on our outreach effort targeted at the Chinese speaking Geylang crowd, and to initiate a campaign targeted at youths. The main objective of both efforts would be to encourage condom use and promote HIV testing as means to prevent the spread of HIV. On top of having both campaigns, we would like to propose making HIV testing more convenient by assisting with the implementation of a Mobile HIV Testing Van (MTV) service. We will write a custom essay sample on HIV in Singapore or any similar topic only for you Order Now Continuing and Improving Current Efforts to Reach Out to the Chinese Speaking Geylang Crowd 1. Printing more Pamphlets Having conducted an outreach event at Geylang, we found that the majority of our target audience read the educational pamphlet, and did so with a certain measure of contemplation – an indication of their rational riders being influenced by facts such as the ability to prolong one’s life if early treatment for HIV is sought, the benefits of condom usage and where the HIV test can be taken. Due to the limited number of pamphlets printed thus far, we foresee that more will be needed for future outreach events. Thus, we propose to have part of the budget allocated for this purpose. 2. Printing of Taglines Encouraging Condom Usage on Condom Covers. Redesigning the box used to contain condoms for distribution. Our group conceived a series of short, catchy taglines to encourage condom use. Condom covers with these taglines could be produced and distributed during outreach events. The taglines conceived were meant to direct our audience’s emotional elephants by evoking positive feelings about condom use – by asserting that love making can be equally pleasurable even when condoms are worn. To further engage our audience’s emotional elephants, we propose that an effort be made to conceive suitably ‘hard’ messages evoking anxiety and fear by highlighting the risks of doing away with condoms. Some of these ‘hard’ taglines could put across the message an underestimation of the one’s chances of contracting HIV is a contributing factor leading to HIV infection. By focusing attention on this ‘black swan’ in HIV being closer to home than it is often thought to be, our target audience may be encouraged to use condoms. These ‘hard’ messages could then be similarly printed on condom covers and distributed during outreach events together with those having ‘soft’ taglines, thus producing a carrot and stick effect that could further improve our effort to encourage condom usage. Also, the boxes used to store condoms could be changed to make it less obvious that it contains condoms, as it currently is. The purpose of doing so would be to encourage the taking up of these condoms, as regardless of whether those approached are seeking paid sex or not, they may nonetheless avoid accepting the condoms altogether because they do not wish to be seen in public as having done so, as evidenced when approaching some members of the public. To overcome such reluctance, the condoms (with the taglines printed on their covers) could be packed into larger rectangular top opening boxes such as those containing sweets (like how the sweet Ricola is packaged), with plain messages such ‘specially for you’ as that would serve to mask the true contents of the package. 3. Associating Condom Use and Regular HIV Testing with Responsible Behaviour In addition to distributing condoms and educational pamphlets, we propose to utilise the behaviour changing effects of social identity promotion to encourage condom usage and regular HIV testing. Posters juxtaposing images of Chinese males, representing all adult age groups, with condom use messages and them going for regular HIV testing could be printed and put up at places where our target audience often congregate – lanes leading to coffee shops and eateries along Geylang. These posters would portray these males as being socially responsible. As most would not wish to be labelled as irresponsible, the effects of projecting such an image could serve to encourage condom use and regular HIV testing. This effort to create such a social identity could be made more effective if a greater number of older volunteers (over 40s) are involved in such outreach events. These older volunteers could serve as leading lights of their age group and potentially relate better with our target audience, since both could see each other as peers. As there is a lack of volunteers belonging to this age group, we propose that an effort be made to seek such volunteers. One way we could do so would be to seek volunteers from grassroots organisations such as community clubs and public housing residents committees (RCs), since these bodies consist of people with an existing spirit of volunteerism and mainly belong to this age group. Extending our Impact to another Target Group – Youths/Young Adults Why Youths/Young Adults? It can be reasonably inferred from statistical data that youths (below 20) and young adults (20-30) are either becoming more sexually active or engaging in riskier sexual behaviour. The number of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) amongst youths rocketed by 118% between 2000 and 2008, while that of young adults increased by 67% during the same period1. Given these societal trends, this group seems increasing vulnerable to contracting HIV. Thus, we propose to mount a HIV prevention effort targeted at this group through similar means such as the promotion of condom use, regular HIV testing and creating a social identity to promote responsible sexual behaviour. 1. Going to Where Youths/Young Adults Are Instead of focusing on the Geylang red-light district, we propose establishing a presence at places where there’s a higher concentration of youths/young adults who are more likely to be sexually active and or engage in regrettable sexual behaviour. Some of these places would include entertainment nightspots such as clubs and pubs where the flow of alcohol and its adverse intoxicating effects are more keenly felt. 2. Distributing Educational Pamphlets and Condoms The content of the educational pamphlets targeted at the Chinese speaking Geylang crowd could be translated into English to cater to the younger set. The pamphlets could also include information, that would otherwise be absent in the Chinese-language version targeting the older crowd, directing our audience to social media sites (such as Facebook) where Action for Aids has a presence. We also propose modifying the taglines to be printed on condom covers, to appeal to the younger crowd. These taglines could include cheeky English language ones that the young can relate to. As with the Chinese speaking Geylang crowd, we propose to craft a social identity for the young who are sexually active, that would positively associate them with condom use and having regular HIV tests, by promoting their ‘clear’ HIV status as an asset. Assisting Action for Aids with the Implementation of a Mobile HIV Testing Van (MTV) Service Action for Aids (AFA) has plans to introduce a MTV service, to make HIV testing more convenient. Otherwise, AFA only has one test site at Kelantan Lane that may be out of the way. As the operational costs of such a van are high, and that the service will have to be chargeable, we propose committing part of our $1000 budget to subsidising these tests (the ones at AFA’s Anonymous Test Site cost $30) during the initial phase of the van’s operation, so as to allow the public to first acquaint themselves with the quality and safety of the service provided. How to cite HIV in Singapore, Essay examples

Learning to Love the Bomb Essay Essay Example

Learning to Love the Bomb Essay Essay At first glimpse to the nonreader filmgoer this film looks like an early 70’s feeble effort to demo the farcical side of war. I was prepared from something somewhat humourous and mildly entertaining. However. I was shocked to happen that I was riveted to the plot line during the full film. absorbing so many symbolically charged characters and duologues that I was practically fascinated while I worked out the significances and messages that Stanley Kubric was slyly relaying to me through the medium of movie. Kubric’s movie. Dr. Strangelove: Or How I learned to Love the Bomb. is a black comedy with some really interesting messages about work forces. gender and war. Symbolism abounded in a assortment of signifiers and was so smartly disguised that it took several minutes for the spectator to experience the full impact of Kubric’s message. See the gap scene. set to the background music of really cockamamie love affair music we are introduced to two elephantine military planes in the act of refueling during flight. The first feeling is that of strife. War-time aircraft and love affair music in a scene that lasts what seems likes five full proceedingss. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning to Love the Bomb Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Learning to Love the Bomb Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Learning to Love the Bomb Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The manager prolongs the scene long plenty for the audience to go leery of the underlying sexual symbolism of two planes copulating before he cuts to his following instantly sexually charged scene of a perfect imitation of a US Army officer. with an tremendous cigar stick outing obscenely from his oral cavity. As the film continues. so do the sexual insinuation. By the terminal of the film Kubric’s message is clear. but it takes clip to construct us up before we reach complete realisation of his intent. which in itself is besides interesting. The first compelling character that we are introduced to is the US Army General and his of all time present cigar. The cigar is evidently a phallic symbol. It rises when the General is excited and sags lamely when the letdown of his work forces overcomes him. He is an interesting character chiefly because of his compulsion with â€Å"bodily fluids† and what he feels to be the infiltration of his â€Å"pure essence† . This is the viewer’s foremost existent hint to the ties between work forces. gender and war that Kubric is seeking to relay. The General’s name is Jack D. Ripper. Taking his name from a sexual psychopathic was no error. Ripper is obsessed with the fact that he can non blurt out during sexual intercourse and attempts to happen the reply to this quandary by faulting the Russians for fluoridizing the American H2O supply. There are several interesting imitations here get downing with the outward visual aspect of ultimate maleness. that of an American Army General. his of all time present cigar. and the tremendous gun he pulls out as he starts hiting at the soldiers that are seeking to salvage him. He is every inch a sexual sociopath. Ripper is more interesting when seen from the point of view that work forces and their obsessional sexual issues wreak mayhem on the remainder of the universe. Ripper’s psychopathologic behaviour leads him to believe that he must take issues into his ain custodies and declare war on Russia. even if that means overruling the President of the United States. He is bound and determined to eliminate anyone who stands in the manner of his sexual disfunction. The General moves swimmingly from faulting others. to quashing himself. right into violent reverberations for himself and everyone else. Closely connected to Jack D. Ripper is an English Officer in the US on an Officer Exchange Program. Although the imitation of the English Officer is humourous. his name. Mandrake. keeps us on Kubric’s way. Mandrake root is an herb that is frequently used in male powerlessness. for virility and as an aphrodisiac. This is interesting because of the interplay between Mandrake and Ripper. Straight-laced. foreign or different. and a spot feminine Mandrake is the complete antonym of Ripper. He besides tries to comfort Ripper that his â€Å"bodily fluids† are absolutely normal and that he has no job utilizing them. Several times Ripper asks Mandrake to assist him feed the tremendous gun he is exerting approximately. and Mandrake’s response is rather feminine when he lays prostrate on the floor impotently. The sexual symbols grow more legion and less hidden as the film progresses. We are introduced to the little group of work forces on the bomber who are sent to transport out the orders. The pilot in charge. Major Kong. plays an interesting function in presenting a different type of imitation of work forces. As opposed to Ripper who was psychopathologic and sexually dysfunctional. Major Kong was the All-American cowpuncher. Honest. naif. and non afraid to acquire the occupation done. There are several scenes in which the major attempts to drop the bombs he is transporting and discoveries that they are stuck. Although his work forces can non pull off to work out the job Major Kong leaves his station at the planes helm and goes to the underbelly of the plane to seek to repair the wiring. He succeeds but when the bomb drops he is siting it. the bomb between his legs. This is the largest phallic symbol used in the film and the sing the pilot’s name. Major Kong. it is no surprise. However. Kubric has the Major ride the bomb to its mark where it so explodes in an tremendous mushroom cloud. The detonation which is evidently symbolic of the conclusiveness of climax and the madness that drives work forces to accomplish that terminal appears to be a perennial subject. The male sex thrust as connected to war is once more driven place by Kubric. Furthermore. he builds on this subject and gives us a footing for understanding with the characters and plotting that occurs in the War Room. It is here that we meet the President. whose sexually illicit name refers to sexual zones of a adult female. and the really vocal Buck Turgidson. The imitation of Buck is absolutely summed up in the significance of his name. The term vaulting horse means stud while the word turgid means swollen. These two chief characters do most of the speaking in a really big room. The President mimics the properties of his female name and is really submissive and feminine. His address is fretful and excusatory on the phone and most of his controversy is with Buck. They argue across a big tabular array and are so far off they practically have to shout to be heard. Buck merely gets excited when he sees chances for devastation whereas the President is ready even to destruct his ain bombers to maintain the peace. The functions of these two characters are symbolic of the male versus female positions. Even the great distance across the room from which they speak contributes to the feeling that they are coming from different points of position. The female position of peace and harmoniousness as opposed to the male position of domination. As a character survey Buck portrays several properties of male domination. He is ever the first to talk. overbearing when he communicates. frequently ill-mannered and junior-grade. ever stuffing tonss of gum into his oral cavity and thwacking obscenely. and moues like a yearling when he is asked to act. He uses tactics to overmaster the others by standing on his chair. glowering rebelliously with those who disagree. and going physically violent to acquire his manner if all other tactic fail. Of all the characters he is most wishful to transport out the war programs. for no other intent than to win. The sexual insinuation associated with Buck relate to the lone female in the film who we meet briefly before he is called into the War Room. Kubric’s pick to do Buck’s love involvement a secretary much younger than himself and who is ever shown barely clad in a Bikini and high heels dramas along with the typical male stereotype. At one point in the film Buck receives a phone call from his kept woman. He tries to guarantee her that he doesn’t want her for her organic structure but â€Å"deeply respects her as a human being. † He so promises he’ll be back shortly to â€Å"take attention of her needs† shortly. Buck besides was unable to hold intercourse with his kept woman before the meeting as he was busy traveling to the bathroom and so was called off. Kubric is mocking the male demand to replace sex for war. Another interesting facet about the war room is the â€Å"Big Board† that is set up as the background. It is an tremendous map of Russia with the locations of all the bombers bleeping around the boundary lines of the state. As the planes are all given the â€Å"go† codification. the blinking visible radiations start their class toward the boundary line of Russia. The first plane to traverse the boundary line will so trip the unwanted reaction of the Russians. This is really symbolic of the sperm’s rushing to the egg. All the sperm racing to be the first to occupy the egg. One of the last characters introduced is Dr. Strangelove. Although he has little do in the film his symbolic presentations are truly Kubric’s implicit in message. First. the name Strangelove is an accurate portraiture of what’s been go oning in the film from the beginning. This unfamiliarity or perversion of love is the kernel of Kubric’s subject. Dr. Strangelove himself has several symbolic issues as a character. First is his inability to maintain his arm from involuntarily toasting Hitler. Second is his sudden remedy from stationariness from his wheelchair when he stands vertical from so much exhilaration. Although both of these Acts of the Apostless are sexually symbolic. the cause for the exhilaration is the disclosure. As the work forces sit in the War Room they discuss the possibilities and reverberations of atomic war with Russia. Dr. Strangelove suggests taking a little community of people and populating in belowground mines. This prospect doesn’t seem appealing until he mentions that in order to animate all the lives lost from the desolation of atomic war each adult male will necessitate to hold ten female spouses. The treatment becomes lively and animated as the work forces imagine the possibilities and so get down to denominate appealing sexual attributes the adult females must possess. Suddenly the immanent day of reckoning that awaits them with the entire obliteration of the planet doesn’t expression so bad with a 10:1 ratio of adult females to work forces. and they find themselves looking frontward to doomsday after all. It seems as though Kubric is seeking to portray the fact that work forces use utmost state of affairss such as war and entire devastation as a tool to open up doors to see sexual phantasies that would otherwise be tabu. Kubric’s jeer of this attitude relays his thought that this is the most farcical thought of all. and all of a sudden the rubric makes perfect sense. The film ends with orgasmic detonation after detonation of H bombs. merely as it began with the arousal of military planes. Stanley Kubric’s penetration and sentiment about the relationship of sexual compulsions. power and war were astutely masked in the symbolism that abounded everyplace in the movie. but even to the untrained oculus his message came through loud and clear. REFERENCES Dr Strangelove or: How I learned to Love the Bomb. Dir. Stanley Kubric. 1964.